This guidelet gives you a clear and structured path through the world of Computer Networks, based on the KTU S5 CST303 syllabus. Each module is supported with carefully crafted MCQs and explanations to strengthen your understanding and help with quick revision. Whether you're reviewing for exams or building a strong foundation in networking, this guidelet is your go-to companion: straightforward, visual, and made with the KTU student in mind.

Module 1: Network Fundamentals

Part 1: Network Basics & Types

Covers the basic definition of a network, its advantages, and classifications like LAN and WAN.

Definition of Computer Networks

A network is a group of connected devices (nodes) that share data and resources via communication links.

Advantages and Disadvantages

BENEFITS: Communication, Resource sharing, File sharing, Flexibility, Speed.

RISKS: Security vulnerabilities, Privacy concerns, Server failures, Installation cost, Maintenance overhead.

Network Types by Scope

• PAN: Personal Area Network
• LAN: Local Area Network
• MAN: Metropolitan Area Network
• WAN: Wide Area Network

Part 2: Network Software & Architecture

Explains the software architecture of networks, including the OSI & TCP/IP models and data encapsulation.

Network Software Fundamentals

Network functionality is governed by software through protocols—sets of rules for communication. This creates a layered architecture where each layer provides services to the one above it.

Encapsulation

The process of adding headers to data as it moves down the protocol stack. The reverse process (decapsulation) happens at the receiving end.

OSI vs TCP/IP Models

OSI Model (7 Layers): Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Physical.

TCP/IP Model (4 Layers): Application, Transport, Internet, Host-to-Network.

Part 3: Physical Layer & Performance

Details the physical transmission media and key performance metrics like bandwidth and latency.

Transmission Media

Guided Media (Wired): Twisted-Pair, Coaxial, Optical Fiber.

Unguided Media (Wireless): Radio Waves, Microwaves, Infrared.

Network Performance Indicators

• Bandwidth: Theoretical maximum data rate.
• Throughput: Actual measured data rate.
• Latency (Delay): Sum of propagation, transmission, queuing, & processing times.
• Bandwidth-Delay Product: Defines the number of bits that can fill the link.